• Russia launched around 55,000 one-way attack uncrewed aerial systems (OWA UAS) against targets in Ukraine in 2025, an approximate five-fold increase on the number launched in 2024, demonstrating the increasing scale ofRussia’s UAS capabilities and production.
• In December 2025, Russia launched approximately 5,100 OWA UAS against Ukrainian targets. This was a moderate decrease from the approximately 5,400 OWA UAS that Russia launched in November 2025, almost certainly due to poor weather conditions. During December 2025, Russia also launched approximately 90 of its premier deep strike missiles, similar to November 2025. The use of OWA UAS complicates the air picture for Ukraine’s air defence andincreases the survivability of Russian premier missiles.
• Russia’s air strike campaign is focused against Ukraine’s energy critical national infrastructure, significantly increasing hardship for Ukraine’s civilian population over the winter months. In response to the impact of these strikes, on 14 January 2026, Ukrainian President Zelenskyy declared anationwide energy state of emergency.