You're reading: Elephant in South Korean zoo imitates human speech

SEOUL, South Korea — An elephant in a South Korean zoo is using his trunk to pick up not only food, but also human vocabulary.

An international team of
scientists confirmed Friday what the Everland Zoo has been saying for
years: Their 5.5-ton tusker Koshik has an unusual and possibly
unprecedented talent.

The 22-year-old Asian elephant can reproduce
five Korean words by tucking his trunk inside his mouth to modulate
sound, the scientists said in a joint paper published online in Current
Biology. They said he may have started imitating human speech because he
was lonely.

Koshik can reproduce “annyeong” (hello), “anja” (sit down), “aniya” (no), “nuwo” (lie down) and “joa” (good), the paper says.

One
of the researchers said there is no conclusive evidence that Koshik
understands the sounds he makes, although the elephant does respond to
words like “anja” and “nuwo.”

Everland Zoo officials in the city
of Yongin said Koshik also can imitate “ajik” (not yet), but the
researchers haven’t confirmed the accomplishment.

Koshik is
particularly good with vowels, with a rate of similarity of 67 percent,
the researchers said. For consonants he scores only 21 percent.

Researchers
said the clearest scientific evidence that Koshik is deliberately
imitating human speech is that the sound frequency of his words matches
that of his trainers.

Vocal imitation of other species has been
found in mockingbirds, parrots and mynahs. But the paper says Koshik’s
case represents “a wholly novel method of vocal production” because he
uses his trunk to reproduce human speech.

In 1983, zoo officials in Kazakhstan reportedly claimed that a teenage elephant named Batyr could reproduce Russian to utter 20 phrases, including “Batyr is good.” But there was no scientific study on the claim.

Researchers
believe Koshik learned to reproduce words out of a desire to bond with
his trainers after he was separated from two other elephants at age 5.

Koshik
emerged as a star among animal enthusiasts and children in South Korea
after Everland Zoo claimed in 2006 that he could imitate words, two
years after his trainers noticed the phenomenon. His growing reputation
prompted Austrian biologist Angela Stoeger-Horwath and German
biophysicist Daniel Mietchen to study him in 2010, zoo officials said.

Oh
Suk-hun, a South Korean veterinarian who co-authored the research paper
with Stoeger-Horwath and Mietchen, said the elephant apparently started
imitating human speech to win the trust of his trainers.

In
April, a children’s science book called “Joa Joa, Speaking Elephant” was
published. The cover photo showed Koshik opening his mouth wide while
raising a trunk over his trainer’s head.

Researchers said Koshik
was trained to obey several commands and “exposed to human speech
intensively” by trainers, veterinarians and zoo visitors.

Shin
Nam-sik, a veterinary professor at Seoul National University who has
seen Koshik, agreed with researchers’ finding that the elephant was able
to mimic human speech.

“In Koshik’s case, the level of intimacy
between him and his trainer was the key factor that made the elephant
want to sound like a human,” Shin said.

Kim Jong-gab, Koshik’s
chief trainer, said the elephant was timid for a male when he first came
to Everland Zoo, so trainers often slept in the same area with him. Kim
thinks that contact helped Koshik feel closer to humans.

Kim said he has another phrase he wants to teach Koshik: “Saranghae,” or “I love you.”