Gazprom’s Itera and Yulia
Tymoshenko’s United Energy Systems of Ukraine operated during the first
decade of Ukrainian independence and were replaced by Dmytro Firtash’s
Eural-Trans Gas (ETG) and RosUkrEnergo (RUE) in the second decade. These
have now been replaced in the third decade by Firtash’s OstChem, which
Ukrainian journalist Alla Yeremenko described as “RosUkrEnergo—Take Two”.
The Jamestown Foundation: Firtash’s new gas intermediary
Dmytro Firtash, Ukraine's gas tycoon
For 20 out of the 22 years of Ukraine’s independence (with the exception of the period 2009–2010), the country’s domestic energy market has been dominated by opaque gas intermediaries.
