Russia is relying on Algeria as a strategic transit hub for transporting weapons and sanctioned military equipment, according to an investigation by Defense News, which points to an expanding covert aviation network spanning Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East.
Investigators identified at least 167 cargo flights to Algeria between March 2025 and April 2026, carried out by what appears to be civilian aviation companies – but which, in practice, function as part of a military logistics system.
These operators are reportedly part of a broader network moving dual-use goods, military hardware, and sanctioned equipment, helping Moscow bypass Western restrictions through complex, multi-leg routes.
A long-standing partner of Moscow, Algeria sourced 73% of its weapons from Russia between 2018 and 2022, cementing its position as one of Russia’s key arms clients in Africa.
Flights linked to the network routinely land at Algerian military and civilian airfields, including Umm al-Buaghui, Aïn Oussara, Annaba, Laghouat, and Béchar, turning the country into both a transit and redistribution hub.
From there, cargo routes extend deeper into Africa and beyond, enabling Russia to maintain supply chains that are harder to monitor or sanction directly.
Fighter jets, bombers, and dual-use cargo
Among the reported cargo are advanced Russian systems, including Su-57 fifth-generation fighter jets – among the most sophisticated and expensive aircraft in Russia’s arsenal – as well as Su-34 fighter-bombers, which have been observed in production camouflage at facilities in Komsomolsk-on-Amur.
Satellite imagery also shows An-124 and Il-76 aircraft tied to the network stationed at Algiers airport.
Some aircraft linked to the system have operated unusually complex intercontinental routes. One Il-76TD reportedly flew from Russia to Guinea with a stop in Algeria, while another aircraft traveled across Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Venezuela, Mexico, and Cuba, before returning via Mauritania and Algeria.
These multi-leg routes are part of what analysts describe as a deliberate effort to obscure final destinations and mask military supply chains behind civilian aviation operations.
Sanctions evasion through layered networks
The investigation points to a sophisticated, layered logistics model: goods are purchased through intermediaries, shipped to third countries, and re-documented to conceal origin and end users.
At the center of the system is Aviacon Zitotrans, a cargo operator already sanctioned by the United States, Canada, and Ukraine.
According to the report, this “shadow air bridge” has become a key tool for Russia’s military-industrial supply chain, enabling continued access to electronics, components, and sensitive equipment despite tightening Western export controls.
Beyond sanctions evasion, the network also points out to Russia’s broader effort to strengthen its military presence in Africa, supplying equipment and logistics support for its so-called “Africa Corps.”