- The Russian Armed Forces have likely sustained approximately 1,000,000 casualties (killed and wounded) since the full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Of these, it is likely around 250,000 Russian soldiers are killed or missing presumed dead), Russia’s largest losses in an active conflict since the Second World War.
- Russia has likely sustained over 200,000 casualties in 2025 so far, with Ukrainian General Staff reporting a daily average of over 1,250 Russian casualties. Russia’s permanent combat losses (killed, missing and irrevocably wounded) are likely currently between 400,000 and 500,000 personnel. Wounded soldiers, especially those who are irrevocably wounded, continue to strain the Russian Military Medical System at all levels of medical care, causing signiticant logistic problems and resulting in a shortage of military medical personnel.
- Russian forces highly likely continue to attempt to stretch Ukrainian forces by utilising mass to overwhelm defensive positions and achieve tactical gains. Russia’s senior leadership are almost certainly prepared to tolerate continuously high resultant casualty rates so long as this does not negatively affect public or elite support for the war, and those losses can be replaced.
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